GEOHAZARD

Earthquake

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Volcanoes

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Subsidences and ground cracks

The dangers of subsidence appear in areas where soluble rocks are present, which are limestone rocks, where gaps and caverns appear in the rocks. They may collapse when the ground loads above them increase, either naturally or by human action, and these rocks collapse to form sinkholes and cause danger to the installations and infrastructure built on them.

Landslides

Mountain slides are considered a sudden geological hazard, and the risk of movements of ground materials depends on the slope of the slopes, the degree of water saturation, and the geological and engineering properties of the rocks and soil. Obstacles and roads that penetrate mountainous areas are considered the areas most vulnerable to mountain avalanches in SAUDI ARABIA.

Floods

Rain falls in heavy quantities and for a very short period, causing torrential, fast-flowing floods that result in huge human and material losses. The causes of flood risks are due to several natural causes, including increased rainfall rates, a weak rate of filtration or leakage to the earth’s surface, a narrow valley outlet, and the geometric properties of the water basin. Also, the negative effects of human-induced floods may occur, including urban expansion in the valleys, such as randomly building barriers and waterways and not maintaining the ferries and waterways on a regular basis.

Sabkhas

Sabkhas are considered one of the geomorphological hazards that affect humans and their economic activities, as marshes represent one of the main sources of salt weathering activity, which is one of the geomorphological hazards that threaten both the natural environment and human activities.

Sand Dunes Hazard

It is considered one of the most important dangers affecting many regions of the Kingdom and represents a real danger to roads and residential areas. The most important affected areas are the eastern and central regions and some western regions of the Kingdom.

Valleys